Gender Confusion is More Prevalent Among Urban Adolescents - 825 Words

Gender Confusion is More Prevalent Among Urban Adolescents (Dissertation Sample) Content: Gender Confusion is More Prevalent among Urban AdolescentsNameInstitutionCourseTutorDateResearch Method and Statistics: Mock StudyGender Confusion is More Prevalent Among Urban AdolescentsIntroductionClauss-Ehlers (2013) said that gender confusion is a misunderstanding of the sex of a person, in relation to the personality traits exhibited by a particular person to the public (Lynne-Landsman, Graber, Nichols Botvin, 2011). In one way or another people expect that the behaviour exhibited by a particular gender should conform to certain expected norms. For instance, male should exhibit masculine traits while female are expected to have feminine traits. However, scientific exceptions have overruled this principle and have enabled males to show feminine traits and vice versa.In 2013, the new edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder (DSM-5) renamed Gender Identity Disorder to Gender Dysphoria. Both GID and gender dysphoria describe a condition in which someone is intensely uncomfortable with their biological gender and strongly identifies with, and wants to be, the opposite gender. It is important to point out that the older version, DSM-IV, there was a focus on the "identity" issue. While this incongruity is still crucial to gender dysphoria, the drafters of the new DSM-5 wanted to emphasize the importance of the distress about the incongruity for a diagnosis. In a nutshell, the previous diagnosis of GID implied that the problem lies within the individual while the new diagnosis refers to a psychological state that may lead to feelings of anxiety, restlessness and depression. In recent times GID, has gained an excessive amount of media attention, mainly due to Bruce Jenner's story. The 1976 decathlon gold medallist, was interviewed by Diane Sawyer, and explained the confusion he has experienced from a very young age. During his interview he mentioned how gender confusion was "very difficult to deal with" especially during his adolescent years, leading to many years of confusion, feelings of anxiety, and restlessness (Kapungu, Baptiste, Holmbeck, Mcbride, Robinson-Brown, Sturdivant Paikoff, 2010)These cases are usually influenced or could be caused by lifestyles that people have in terms of diet, culture and other factors. Such cases are popular among the young generation where their bodily growth through the adolescence stage, exhibits physical changes. They grow to change their body shapes, voices, and mentality, revealing their genes and behaviours of their sexes. These cases have increased over time and are mostly prevalent in urban areas where children adopt to acquire opposite traits by the influence of modernity (Lynne-Landsman, Graber, Nichols Botvin, 2011). They develop gender confusion because of environmental and social influences which they learn from family members, or friends. Other cases occur because of genetic disorders like cross-genetic disorders, due to diet, or due t o diseases. Cultural dilution also plays a role in compromising the values and traditions that teenagers acquire in their growth to adulthood. Unlike earlier life, modernity has neutralized strong cultural lifestyles, beliefs, and teachings that played a prominent role in shaping people along their gender responsibilities and expectations in the society (Collins Fantasia, Sutherland Kelly-Weeder, 2012).Statement of the ProblemThere is an increase in gender confusion among people living in urban areas over recent years. This effect is most prevalent among urban adolescents. Based on the literature by Collins Fantasia, Sutherland Kelly-Weeder (2012) adolescence group registers a high number of cases mostly in urban areas. These cases are attributed to the lack of gender identification that is immensely becoming common in most cities. Most adolescents are facing self-identification, which is assigned to the activities that the youth are involved in, among other environmental facto rs. Gender confusion has affected the relationship and identity of adolescents, causing discomfort among individuals through embarrassment from the confusion (Kapungu, Baptiste, Holmbeck, Mcbride, Robinson-Brown, Sturdivant Paikoff, 2010). It reduces their personal self-esteem and confidence among peers. Observers have difficulties in differentiating gender and personality traits (Collins Fantasia, Sutherland Kelly-Weeder, 2012). This predicament has been a threat to peaceful coexistence among people in the urban areas, since individuals experiencing this condition may not take it lightly to being abused through the confusion (Lynne-Landsman, Graber, Nichols Botvin, 2011). Parents carry blame in teaching their children to adopt what their gender responsibilities define in the society, since it is basic that a child learns from the actions of the adults (Rowland Incrocci, 2012). Children, teens, and adolescents are supposed to emulate the actions of either males or females and grow to possess those attributes (Collins Fantasia, Sutherland Kelly-Weeder, 2012). However, in some cases, adolescents may be exposed to unconventional training of opposite sexes, making them grow with different behaviour to their biological gender. Which will culminate in the adoption of unprecedented behaviours and traits that will lead to gender confusion. Gender confusion among the adolescents is universal (Kapungu, Baptiste, Holmbeck, Mcbride, Robinson-Brown, Sturdivant Paikoff, 2010). This mock study examines the magnitude of gender confusion among urban adolescents, as well as the conditions and factors that influence gender confusion.The exact cause of urban adolescent gender confusion still remains unknown in most of the literatures. However more studies are being carried out on the topic to understand the amount of gender identity, which is a result of nature (biological factors) or nurture (environmental factors). Adequate evidence exists to support that both of thes e two factors plays a role (Lynne-Landsman, Graber, Nichols Botvin, 2011). For instance, scholarly articles have reported that genetic factors together with the hormonal environment of the adolescents may have a great impact on their gender identity. It is however, important to note that gender confusion is mainly shaped by the kind of environment in which the child has been raised (Lynne-Landsman, Graber, Nichols Botvin, 2011). It is true that children are always socialized in specific gender behaviour from the time of birth. This is based on the fact that most people who are gender-variant are always report as being comfortable with the identity of their gender and do not suffer from gender confusion. Even though gender confusion has been viewed as an issue of mental health within the current history, reports have shown that it was always not the same (Collins Fantasia, Sutherland Kelly-Weeder, 2012). Historical records contain description of many people coming from differe nt cultures who failed to fit into one category of individual of either female or male. In most of the cases, these individuals were regarded highly and viewed as holy by virtue.A large majority of the adolescents in sub-urban areas tend to grow up with the mind-set that they are either male or female without questioning their biological gender. However, some adolescents, especially the ones brought up in urban areas view gender as a very complicated concept. Based on the arguments of Kapungu, Baptiste, Holmbeck, Mcbride, Robinson-Brown, Sturdivant Paikoff (2010) it is possible for young people to experience a wide range of feelings about their individual gender. At times the feelings of the adolescents regarding their gender are never clear, making it very difficult for them to identify with either sex. People may question the genders of such adolescents in the event that their socialising and interest fail to fit with their biological gender. For example, an urban adolescent m ale who mostly prefers the company of females instead of males. Some urban adolescents at times feel that they are both female and male, while others have a strong sense of being the opposite gender (Kapungu, Baptiste, Holmbeck, Mcbride, Robinson-Brown, Sturdivant Paikoff, 2010). For the young urban adolescents who are feeling uncomfortable with their biological gender, puberty is always the most challenging time for them.Purpose of the StudyThis study aims at addressing the problems highlighted in the problem statement above. The main purpose of this study is to examine if there are more GID in the urban compared to the sub-urban adolescents. This qualitative study will also examine the reasons gender confusion is more prevalent among urban adolescents and answer the topic questions. The study intends to conduct a research where participants will answer various questions pertaining to the research questions, and then the data will be compiled for a comprehensive report. The repor t is expected to be made public for enlightening the public and helping individuals who have been impacted by gender confusion.Research QuestionsThe research questions will help examine to the topic as well as the research questions under discussion. It will narrow down the problem and specify the outcomes for reliable analysis and comparison of studies done in the past and the future. These questions will be elaborate, precise, and simple to ensure that accurate answers are given by the respondents, in order to avoid ambiguity when deducing an outcome. The questions will provide room for answers suitable for easy analysis and compilation of data, this will allow for logical and reliable findings. These solutions are targeted at examining the problems of discussions in the problem statement and finding out whether they meet the purpose statement. The research questions w... Gender Confusion is More Prevalent Among Urban Adolescents - 825 Words Gender Confusion is More Prevalent Among Urban Adolescents (Dissertation Sample) Content: Gender Confusion is More Prevalent among Urban AdolescentsNameInstitutionCourseTutorDateResearch Method and Statistics: Mock StudyGender Confusion is More Prevalent Among Urban AdolescentsIntroductionClauss-Ehlers (2013) said that gender confusion is a misunderstanding of the sex of a person, in relation to the personality traits exhibited by a particular person to the public (Lynne-Landsman, Graber, Nichols Botvin, 2011). In one way or another people expect that the behaviour exhibited by a particular gender should conform to certain expected norms. For instance, male should exhibit masculine traits while female are expected to have feminine traits. However, scientific exceptions have overruled this principle and have enabled males to show feminine traits and vice versa.In 2013, the new edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder (DSM-5) renamed Gender Identity Disorder to Gender Dysphoria. Both GID and gender dysphoria describe a condition in which someone is intensely uncomfortable with their biological gender and strongly identifies with, and wants to be, the opposite gender. It is important to point out that the older version, DSM-IV, there was a focus on the "identity" issue. While this incongruity is still crucial to gender dysphoria, the drafters of the new DSM-5 wanted to emphasize the importance of the distress about the incongruity for a diagnosis. In a nutshell, the previous diagnosis of GID implied that the problem lies within the individual while the new diagnosis refers to a psychological state that may lead to feelings of anxiety, restlessness and depression. In recent times GID, has gained an excessive amount of media attention, mainly due to Bruce Jenner's story. The 1976 decathlon gold medallist, was interviewed by Diane Sawyer, and explained the confusion he has experienced from a very young age. During his interview he mentioned how gender confusion was "very difficult to deal with" especially during his adolescent years, leading to many years of confusion, feelings of anxiety, and restlessness (Kapungu, Baptiste, Holmbeck, Mcbride, Robinson-Brown, Sturdivant Paikoff, 2010)These cases are usually influenced or could be caused by lifestyles that people have in terms of diet, culture and other factors. Such cases are popular among the young generation where their bodily growth through the adolescence stage, exhibits physical changes. They grow to change their body shapes, voices, and mentality, revealing their genes and behaviours of their sexes. These cases have increased over time and are mostly prevalent in urban areas where children adopt to acquire opposite traits by the influence of modernity (Lynne-Landsman, Graber, Nichols Botvin, 2011). They develop gender confusion because of environmental and social influences which they learn from family members, or friends. Other cases occur because of genetic disorders like cross-genetic disorders, due to diet, or due t o diseases. Cultural dilution also plays a role in compromising the values and traditions that teenagers acquire in their growth to adulthood. Unlike earlier life, modernity has neutralized strong cultural lifestyles, beliefs, and teachings that played a prominent role in shaping people along their gender responsibilities and expectations in the society (Collins Fantasia, Sutherland Kelly-Weeder, 2012).Statement of the ProblemThere is an increase in gender confusion among people living in urban areas over recent years. This effect is most prevalent among urban adolescents. Based on the literature by Collins Fantasia, Sutherland Kelly-Weeder (2012) adolescence group registers a high number of cases mostly in urban areas. These cases are attributed to the lack of gender identification that is immensely becoming common in most cities. Most adolescents are facing self-identification, which is assigned to the activities that the youth are involved in, among other environmental facto rs. Gender confusion has affected the relationship and identity of adolescents, causing discomfort among individuals through embarrassment from the confusion (Kapungu, Baptiste, Holmbeck, Mcbride, Robinson-Brown, Sturdivant Paikoff, 2010). It reduces their personal self-esteem and confidence among peers. Observers have difficulties in differentiating gender and personality traits (Collins Fantasia, Sutherland Kelly-Weeder, 2012). This predicament has been a threat to peaceful coexistence among people in the urban areas, since individuals experiencing this condition may not take it lightly to being abused through the confusion (Lynne-Landsman, Graber, Nichols Botvin, 2011). Parents carry blame in teaching their children to adopt what their gender responsibilities define in the society, since it is basic that a child learns from the actions of the adults (Rowland Incrocci, 2012). Children, teens, and adolescents are supposed to emulate the actions of either males or females and grow to possess those attributes (Collins Fantasia, Sutherland Kelly-Weeder, 2012). However, in some cases, adolescents may be exposed to unconventional training of opposite sexes, making them grow with different behaviour to their biological gender. Which will culminate in the adoption of unprecedented behaviours and traits that will lead to gender confusion. Gender confusion among the adolescents is universal (Kapungu, Baptiste, Holmbeck, Mcbride, Robinson-Brown, Sturdivant Paikoff, 2010). This mock study examines the magnitude of gender confusion among urban adolescents, as well as the conditions and factors that influence gender confusion.The exact cause of urban adolescent gender confusion still remains unknown in most of the literatures. However more studies are being carried out on the topic to understand the amount of gender identity, which is a result of nature (biological factors) or nurture (environmental factors). Adequate evidence exists to support that both of thes e two factors plays a role (Lynne-Landsman, Graber, Nichols Botvin, 2011). For instance, scholarly articles have reported that genetic factors together with the hormonal environment of the adolescents may have a great impact on their gender identity. It is however, important to note that gender confusion is mainly shaped by the kind of environment in which the child has been raised (Lynne-Landsman, Graber, Nichols Botvin, 2011). It is true that children are always socialized in specific gender behaviour from the time of birth. This is based on the fact that most people who are gender-variant are always report as being comfortable with the identity of their gender and do not suffer from gender confusion. Even though gender confusion has been viewed as an issue of mental health within the current history, reports have shown that it was always not the same (Collins Fantasia, Sutherland Kelly-Weeder, 2012). Historical records contain description of many people coming from differe nt cultures who failed to fit into one category of individual of either female or male. In most of the cases, these individuals were regarded highly and viewed as holy by virtue.A large majority of the adolescents in sub-urban areas tend to grow up with the mind-set that they are either male or female without questioning their biological gender. However, some adolescents, especially the ones brought up in urban areas view gender as a very complicated concept. Based on the arguments of Kapungu, Baptiste, Holmbeck, Mcbride, Robinson-Brown, Sturdivant Paikoff (2010) it is possible for young people to experience a wide range of feelings about their individual gender. At times the feelings of the adolescents regarding their gender are never clear, making it very difficult for them to identify with either sex. People may question the genders of such adolescents in the event that their socialising and interest fail to fit with their biological gender. For example, an urban adolescent m ale who mostly prefers the company of females instead of males. Some urban adolescents at times feel that they are both female and male, while others have a strong sense of being the opposite gender (Kapungu, Baptiste, Holmbeck, Mcbride, Robinson-Brown, Sturdivant Paikoff, 2010). For the young urban adolescents who are feeling uncomfortable with their biological gender, puberty is always the most challenging time for them.Purpose of the StudyThis study aims at addressing the problems highlighted in the problem statement above. The main purpose of this study is to examine if there are more GID in the urban compared to the sub-urban adolescents. This qualitative study will also examine the reasons gender confusion is more prevalent among urban adolescents and answer the topic questions. The study intends to conduct a research where participants will answer various questions pertaining to the research questions, and then the data will be compiled for a comprehensive report. The repor t is expected to be made public for enlightening the public and helping individuals who have been impacted by gender confusion.Research QuestionsThe research questions will help examine to the topic as well as the research questions under discussion. It will narrow down the problem and specify the outcomes for reliable analysis and comparison of studies done in the past and the future. These questions will be elaborate, precise, and simple to ensure that accurate answers are given by the respondents, in order to avoid ambiguity when deducing an outcome. The questions will provide room for answers suitable for easy analysis and compilation of data, this will allow for logical and reliable findings. These solutions are targeted at examining the problems of discussions in the problem statement and finding out whether they meet the purpose statement. The research questions w...

In The Seventeenth Century, The Massachusetts Bay Colony

In the seventeenth century, the Massachusetts Bay Colony was founded as a haven for religious freedom for all early colonist, principally for the Puritans. Unlike any other migrating group in America, the Puritans were composed of families who sought the religious freedom and harmony they were unable to experience in England.  ¹ These Massachusetts Bay settlers sought to achieve this haven by devising a system of government that would fulfill political and moral authority. By the 1640s their enterprise at Massachusetts Bay had grown to about ten thousand citizens, claiming great success and testimony to the Puritan greatness. However, it was a system critics argue was just as intolerant as the one they abandoned. Between 1636 and 1638, the†¦show more content†¦Therefore the purposeful midwife shared her own interpretations of Cotton’s teachings, speaking of a spirit-centered theology which held that God’s grace could be directly bestowed through faith. She na turally found herself being trusted by her community, conducting weekly meetings in her home to discuss the ministers’ sermons, at times gathering sixty to eighty people.⠁ ´ Her theology of free grace attracted many followers. However, John Winthrop’s revised way of unity and order was a way in which everyone followed the direction of the elders and women, in particular, were to play a submissive and supporting role. The community herbalist began to concern the Puritan ministers’ orthodox view, which dictated that people must live according to the bible’s precepts by performing good deeds. She not only question the community religious laws but also political theory. She was a woman challenging the established male hierarchy of a Puritan society. Concerned about maintaining order in their community and protecting their exclusive position as sole interpreters of the bible, the community elders quickly confronted any deviance from their strict doctrine. 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Shooping Malls - 1741 Words

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The Bluest Eye By Toni Morrison - 1561 Words

Beloved is one of the most beautifully written books and Toni Morrison is one of the best authors in the world. After reading the Bluest Eye and seeing how captivating it is, it is not highly expectant to think that Beloved to be just as enchanting. Anyone who has read Beloved would read it again and those of us who have not should be dying to read it. Beloved is a historical fiction novel based on a true historical incident. Beloved is set during the time period of the Civil War . The American Civil War to be exact , which took place between the years of 1861 and 1865., As stated before it is based or should one say inspired by the life of the slave Margaret Garner, who was an African American slave . She attempts to escape in 1856 Kentucky by fleeing to Ohio, which was a free state. A mob of slave owners , planers and overseers arrived to repossess her and her children un der the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850, which gave slave owners the right to pursue slaves across state borders. Margaret killed her two-year-old daughter rather than allow her to be recaptured. Morrison links the middle passage with the plight of former black slaves. She links the supernatural and fantasy with historical times. She brings in that old slave religion that many African Americans have continued to used even after slavery. Toni Morrison honors those slaves who died inShow MoreRelatedThe Bluest Eye By Toni Morrison1720 Words   |  7 Pagesof The Bluest Eye, Toni Morrison, criticizes the danger of race discrimination for any kinds of situations with no exception. The purpose of the paper is explain how pervasive and destructive social racism was bound to happen in American society. The intended audiences are not only black people, but also other races had suffered racism until now. I could find out and concentrate on the most notable symbols which are whit eness, blue eyes and the characterization while reading the novel. 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Reverie by Roy Lichtenstein - 1262 Words

Reverie by Roy Lichtenstein Roy Lichtenstein was an American artist who was an influential part of the Pop Art movement in the 1960s. Roy Lichtenstein was born in New York in 1923 and he has created some of the most well-known Pop Art paintings and artworks. An example of his artwork is â€Å"Reverie†, it is a screen print by Roy Lichtenstein in 1965 in his iconic comic strip art style. â€Å"Reverie† by Roy Lichtenstein shows social commentary of mass production through the art movement it’s in, the technique used, the subject matter. â€Å"Reverie† is an example of an artworks that is part of the Pop Art movement. Pop Art developed in the early 1960s as a response to abstract expressionism. It was originally a British movement in the mid 1950s†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Reverie† was almost imitating the way a machine might print out an image. Lichtenstein’s art style used the style of comic strips which included bright colours, single scenes, dialogue balloons, and Ben Day dots. He depicted a world of prepackaged emotions, which is parallel to the mass produced, prepackaged consumer products that were also main subjects of Pop Art artworks. Lichtenstein has very careful technique when creating his paintings to create the message it conveys. Lichtenstein has very careful technique when creating his paintings. When Lichtenstein works from a photograph or a cartoon, he draws a picture small enough to fit his opaque projector in order to project the picture he drew on his canvas before h e paints. Even though when he’s working from other people’s works, he draws the picture to recompose it instead of to just reproduce it. Sometimes he works with more than one cartoon and combines them, either completely copying the style or making it up, depending on the projects and plays around with he drawing until he’s satisfied. He stencils the dots that’s his artworks are known for first for technical reasons, then starts colouring from lightest colours to darkest which are the thick bold outlines. He will keep erasing, redrawing, and re-dotting his artwork until he is satisfied. He tends to make a lot of changes in the process of paining so he uses in Magna colours which is soluble in turpentine soShow MoreRelated Pop art was a direct response to the commercial and consumer society756 Words   |  4 Pagesand society, his goal was to bring them closer together. Roy Lichtenstein set the highest standard and led the way of pop art. Lichtenstein was and still is considered the most sophisticated pop artist around. Roy Lichtenstein was inspired by Picasso’s paintings; he studied them and learnt from them. In 1961 Roy Lichtenstein made use of the â€Å"Ben-Day dots†. This was the first time an artist had used this device. Lichtenstein exploited this and turned it into a signature for himself on his

Sleep Deficiency and Disorders Essay Example

Essays on Sleep Deficiency and Disorders Essay The paper "Sleep Deficiency and Disorders" is an outstanding example of an essay on medical science. Sleep deficiency occurs when a person is unable to get the amount of sleep that is required if that person is to function normally throughout the day. It is a medical problem that can further lead to other sleeping issues, such as insomnia or sleep apnea. Some of the causes of sleep deficiency are stress, aging, medication, weight, behavior, and the sleep environment of the individual. Many of these reasons develop into patterns that can cause severe sleep deprivation.   Stress, especially now, is one of the leading causes of sleep deficiency. The more a person is stressed, the harder it is for them to fall asleep. The more this happens, the stronger a pattern is formed until they are depriving themselves of many hours that should be spent sleeping. An overactive mind makes it difficult for the rest of the body to settle down when it is time to sleep. As a person gets older, they begin to lose the need to sleep longer at night, even though it is still required to maintain good health. Old age in itself, with the random pains of arthritis and other pains connected with aging, is enough to keep a person up at night. Restless begins to take over and sleep becomes harder to come by. Medication is another cause of sleep deficiency, as many medications may induce restlessness or anxiety, which would not allow a person to fall asleep. Since most medications of this kind are prescriptions, the lack of sleep becomes a pattern; unfortunately, it tends to be di fficult to break from a sleep-deprived pattern when it is a prescription medication that is causing it. The more overweight a person is, the harder it is for them to get to sleep. Obesity is another higher cause for sleep deprivation; the individual, while maybe feeling sluggish, may also feel restless and just simply unable to get to sleep. Depending on the kinds of foods that they eat, such as anything that is high in sugar or caffeinated beverages, may also increase their inability to fall asleep. Behavior, while not a leading cause of sleep deficiency, but one of the most common symptoms, disables a person from settling down enough or getting comfortable to fall asleep. Some people cannot sleep simply because they cannot, whether it is from restlessness or insomnia. The sleep environment of a person is the most important thing to consider when going to bed. Noises, lights, and other distractions make it difficult for a person's mind to shut down for them to fall asleep. If ther e is too much going on within the sleep environment, a person is unable to relax their mind enough to sleep, causing restlessness and insomnia, which can lead to sleep deprivation.

Sample on Employee Engagement Concept & Dimensions

Question: Discuss about providing a deep insight into some of the topics such as the concept of employee engagement and what is the scope of the concept ? Answer: Introduction: The report aims at providing a deep insight into some of the topics such as the concept of employee engagement and what is the scope of the concept. It provides knowledge about the various dimensions of employee engagement and how these ensure overall organizational effectiveness. It emphasizes on the motivation-engagement relationship, advantages of employee engagement, and the effect of employee engagement of organizational growth, employee motivation, successes and employee satisfaction. The report also states the disadvantages of the presence of disengaged employees within the organization. An employee who is thoroughly engaged is quite aware of the organizational vision, mission and business objectives including that of the environment where it operates. These employees are said to work as teams with his companions to enhance performance of own jobs to benefit the organization (Kuvaas and Dysvik, 2010). The employee is completely dedicated to his work with increased commitment to his post. The organizational management of Tesco well understands the fact that besides task-related requirements, the employees possess some personal needs as well as ambitions to be fulfilled by the company. Each of the employees aims at developing own career and also personal life. It provides training as well as developmental opportunities to bring about growth of the employees and increased number of engaged employees. Employee Engagement: Concept dimensions The concept of employee engagement refers to the emotional commitment that is possessed by any employee towards the organization as well as stated goals. The emotional commitment reflects the engagement of employees and their care for the company and organizational work. This concept of employee engagement acts as a tool to be used for organizational employers who aim at attracting as well as retraining staff (Johnson and Chang, 2008). In this respect, Tesco Company in the United Kingdom has taken effective approaches to raise its employee engagement. Tesco Company is said to possess the largest private sector workforce in UK with around 300000 employees. Each of the employees possesses individual needs as well as expectations regarding their work or career. The company follows an approach of Listen and Fix as its greatest listening exercises that has been undertaken. The management of the company had undertaken the initiative to conduct employee engagement activities with the objective of making Tesco a better place to shop as well as work through more involved and committed workforce, and also to have a greater understanding of what is more important in the business areas, in its stores, distribution and head office (Jeung, 2011). The Company is said to run an annual staff survey called Viewpoint. In this approach, staffs are asked to score particular aspects of working for us. The approach of Listen and Fix even aimed to facilitate the two-way communication along with the use of digital technology for optimizing the process. Th e organizational employees ay Tesco were invited to send their thoughts through text or email, that meant much decreased barrier towards participation. The leaders replied through email, texts, blogs, etc. Dimensions of Employee Engagement: This concept refers to the extent of attachment as well as involvement that an organizational employee exhibits towards his organization as well as values. An employee who is thoroughly engaged is quite aware of the organizational vision, mission and business objectives including that of the environment where it operates (Lee and Ok, 2015). These employees are said to work as teams with his companions to enhance performance of own jobs to benefit the organization. The employee is completely dedicated to his work with increased commitment to his post. The concept of employee engagement comprises of three dimensions, namely, intellectual, affective and social engagement. All these factors are influential about how an individual would react towards his job responsibilities and also the organization (Heymann, 2015). The concept of intellectual engagement of any employee refers to his thoughts about performing his job in as effective manner as possible. Effective engagement is all about the employee feelings towards own job. An employee who is strongly engaged feels positive regarding own responsibilities. He aims at performing effectively to attain some desired goals. Likewise, a socially engaged organizational employee participates actively in discussions related aspects. For instance, he utilizes several opportunities to bring about improvements at work within the organization. Employee engagement may be measured by considering various aspects or engagement parameters. The performance as well as continuing with the organization is referred to as key indicators of whether an individual is thoroughly engaged or not. When an employee is completely engaged and committed to his work, it is definite that he would perform best than any other individual who has no interest in his job areas (Grant and Sumanth, 2009). The employee would seek for opportunities to conduct his responsibilities in the most effective manner. This would lead to his increased productivity even more than an unengaged employee. Besides this, another important indicator of effective employee engagement is that of low turnover rate. When any individual is contented with his job and responsibilities, it is less likely for him to search for a new job (Mohapatra and Sharma, 2010). He would not feel the urge to exit the organization for better perks or small salary hike. In the present environment of competitive business, personal peace of mind is highly desirable. Employees who feel secured with their organization feel highly motivated with higher morale. Very few scopes of grievances as well as conflicts exist within the organization. Also, few instances exist of indiscipline as well as absenteeism (Frey, Bayon and Totzek, 2013). These employees would be highly cooperative with other team members. The highly engaged employees of an organization also strive to generate innovative ideas as well as strategies to enhance the organizational performances. With respect to Tesco Company in UK, the most crucial ingredients of employee engagement involve the work nature, support and recognition that are provided to the employees by their seniors. Aspects like challenging roles and that of additional responsibilities mitigate the monotony of regular work load. This imparts a break to the employees from their regular work and this motivates them. Within the organization, the senior managers impart praise as well as recognition to their employees to encourage them to perform better. Significant involvement within the process of decision-making and that of empowering them to accomplish tasks impart greater values to the employees. They feel quite empowered to be a part of the organization. Also, relating their work with overall organizational objectives exhibits significance of work. The organizational management of Tesco well understands the fact that besides task-related requirements, the employees possess some personal needs as well as ambitions to be fulfilled by the company. Each of the employees aims at developing own career and also personal life. It provides training as well as developmental opportunities to bring about growth of the employees and increased number of engaged employees (Esmaeelinezhad, Boerhannoeddin and Singaravelloo, 2015). Those employees who have their needs fulfilled adequately possess higher level of productivity as well as motivation. Tesco has been taking effective measures to keep its employees engaged. Within the competitive business environment, the firm makes attempts to horde key talents. Retaining engaged workforce imparts the firm with competitive edge that it aims at retaining. Thus, talent retention has become a major aspect for the employers to retain their employees and keep them positively engaged. Motivation- Engagement Relationship: Employee engagement concept to a great extent depends upon what individuals get in exchange for performing their job effectively. This involves factors like basic compensation, benefits, organizational culture as well as work environment. These basic elements motivate them to continue performing within the organization with complete dedication. Since it is a bilateral process, setting of clear expectations holds important role. This enables employees to understand thoroughly what exactly they are expected to provide the organization. This involves defining their job responsibilities to accomplish tasks that are required to be performed (Engaging the staff in a real relationship: Are employees genuinely motivated or merely satisfied?, 2009). The team of human resource and all immediate supervisors or managers must tell their members clearly what are expected out of them to do. This builds more meaningful relationships amidst all seniors as well as workgroups. Social association refers to the most essential requirement for any employee. Even employees aim at sticking with the organization that treats them as their integral part and not just an employee. Continuous growth within the organizational setup including promotions, salary increments and rewards as well as recognition may be considered as essential tools for retaining employees within the organization. Innovative challenges as well as opportunities to learn motivates the employees towards their work life and also encourage them to deliver their best even at crisis situations. Advantages of Employee Engagement: Employee satisfaction It can be indicated from research that if the employees of Tesco are engaged with their organization then there would be a rise in the level of job satisfaction. These engaged employees would be vested in the overall organizational success along with higher level of loyalty as well as commitment. Contented employees play significant role within the organization. They are said to enhance support to the organizational mission, brand and strategy (Crosby, n.d.). Productivity Engaged employees usually prove to be great performers and they do not hesitate to go that extra mile to achieve success. When employees become more and more engaged, there is gradual decrease in the level of absenteeism with steady increase of motivation that enhances productivity. The more engaged an employee is the more is he driven to success. This means their productivity is highly increased. Recruitment retention Retaining effective employees is referred to as the key to success of every organization (Presbitero and Langford, 2013). So is the case with Tesco. All those employees who are highly engaged show lower risk of turnover towards the organization. They also become loyal employees with time. When employees are satisfied they are likely to stick to the organization. When combined with retention, organizations like Tesco that has highly engaged employees would have the increased ability to attract qualified workforce. Innovation - A close link exists amidst innovation as well as employee engagement. The engaged employees usually perform at high level along with increased passion to respective jobs that often results in workplace innovation. Highly engaged workforce strives to deliver their best performances towards organizational objectives. Effective collaboration amidst the employees and that of the top management results in corporate growth (Ang, n.d.). Profitability Organizations such as Tesco that had highly engaged workforce tend to exhibit increased rate of profitability. These employees of Tesco are more efficient with positive outlook towards the organization. This leads to decreased operational costs and enhanced profit margin. How Employee Engagement affects profitability, growth, employee retention and customer satisfaction: The organization Tesco recognizes the significance of mentoring, career sponsorship and networking for supporting the development of talent that is available. The organization encourages all members to participate in important decision-making processes. With the help of self-governing engagement networks of employees, the organization is able to inspire its members to develop confidence to remove all barriers (Rigg, 2013). The members take part in Pride events across the nation; the ABC Network was initiated by Olympic Gold medalist Darren Campbell MBE as well as Women in business represented the roles of women at Tesco. No age of retirement Several aged individuals desire to stay connected to work or kind of semi-retirement and that the customers of Tesco value aged people and their experiences. Within the United Kingdom, the organization involves people of all ages in its apprenticeship programs, providing them with opportunities to develop their careers. Disadvantages of de-motivated and disengaged employees: As per the Gallup survey of 2008, it reflected that as the engaged employees believed that they are influential in organizational growth, the disengaged employees believed the otherwise that they hardly contribute to such growth (Andonova, 2013). This generally creates negative impacts upon the work environment, customer minds, employee motivation, their productivity and loyalty. Eventually the overall peace and performance is lost forever. Some disadvantages of disengaged employee are highlighted below: Effect upon work All disengaged employees attempt to evade work, strives to meet all deadlines and quite reluctant to assume responsibilities (Welch, 2011). Effect upon peers The negativity of all disengaged employees has negative impacts on peers and their overall morale. Effect upon customers every organizational employee becomes a representative of the brand, and so any disengaged employee may actively de-sell the firm or lead to disengaged customers (Rutledge, 2008). Effect upon organizational performance For any organization, it is important to generate innovative ways to attract and retain customers. The most important thing is to satisfy employees and keep them motivated. This in turn leads to better performances. Disengaged employees hardly feel the urge to work hard and act less committed to organizational success. Effects upon productivity Since disengaged employees do not believe in their potential to make effective contribution to the organizational growth, this is clearly reflected in their attitude and work (Schwartz, 2010). This makes them less productive and ineffective. Effect upon employee personal life An disengaged employee hardly feels the motivation to perform better; and so this hampers his personal life and increased frustration that disturbs the balance of personal and professional life. Establishing strategy of engaging employees as well measuring the outcomes decisions regarding commitment initiatives must be grounded upon reliable data. Research needs to be conducted within the organization to highlight upon specific human resource practices. Based on the net results the strategies are to be formed and structured. It is important to ascertain what type of employees are working at the organization; then the management can take initiatives to structure the strategies to motivate them and keep them engaged into organizational operations and effectiveness. Organizational resources are to be identified and then planning has to be done for each action (Seong Soo Oh and Lewis, 2009). At the end of the process, it is important to follow up and monitor every action to ensure success. Conclusion: The organizational management of Tesco well understands the fact that besides task-related requirements, the employees possess some personal needs as well as ambitions to be fulfilled by the company. Each of the employees aims at developing own career and also personal life. It provides training as well as developmental opportunities to bring about growth of the employees and increased number of engaged employees (Vestal, 2012). Those employees who have their needs fulfilled adequately possess higher level of productivity as well as motivation. Tesco has been taking effective measures to keep its employees engaged. Within the competitive business environment, the firm makes attempts to horde key talents. Retaining engaged workforce imparts the firm with competitive edge that it aims at retaining. References Andonova, Y. (2013). 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The performance of prosocially motivated employees depends on manager trustworthiness.Journal of Applied Psychology, 94(4), pp.927-944. Heymann, M. (2015). Spotlight on Service: Integrating Workforce Management With Employee Engagement to Optimize Customer Satisfaction and Profitability.Glob. Bus. Org. Exc., 34(5), pp.6-12. Jeung, C. (2011). The concept of employee engagement: a comprehensive review from a positive organizational behavior perspective.Perf. Improvement Qrtly, 24(2), pp.49-69. Johnson, R. and Chang, C. (2008). Relationships Between Organizational Commitment and Its Antecedents: Employee Self-Concept Matters.Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 38(2), pp.513-541. Kuvaas, B. and Dysvik, A. (2010). Does best practice HRM only work for intrinsically motivated employees?.The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 21(13), pp.2339-2357. Lee, J. and Ok, C. (2015). Hotel Employee Work Engagement and Its Consequences.Journal of Hospitality Marketing Management, pp.1-34. Mohapatra, M. and Sharma, B. (2010). Study of Employee Engagement and its Predictors in an Indian Public Sector Undertaking.Global Business Review, 11(2), pp.281-301. Presbitero, A. and Langford, P. (2013). Organizational Climate Change and Its Influence on Employee Engagement.Academy of Management Proceedings, 2013(1), pp.12490-12490. Rigg, J. (2013). Worthwhile Concept or Old Wine? A Review of Employee Engagement and Related Constructs.American Journal of Business and Management, 2(1). Rutledge, T. (2008). How to Keep Your Best People.Gastroenterology Nursing, 31(2), p.174. Schwartz, G. (2010). Marrying employee engagement with customer satisfaction.Strategic HR Review, 9(3). Seong Soo Oh, and Lewis, G. (2009). Can Performance Appraisal Systems Inspire Intrinsically Motivated Employees?.Review of Public Personnel Administration, 29(2), pp.158-167. Vestal, K. (2012). Which Matters: Employee Satisfaction or Employee Engagement?.Nurse Leader, 10(6), pp.10-11. Welch, M. (2011). The evolution of the employee engagement concept: communication implications.Corp Comm: An Int Jnl, 16(4), pp.328-346.